1. Adjective - ("pink" part of speech) describes nouns or pronouns
2. Adverb - ("light green" part of speech) describes verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
3. Alliteration – when two or more words in a group of words begin with the same sound. Ex: Ann’s awesome apples.
4. Allusion - The making of a casual or indirect reference to something
5. Antagonist- A person or force that opposes the protagonist in the story or drama; usually the antagonist represents the conflict in the story
6. Aside - words spoken to the audience by a character in a drama that are NOT supposed to be heard by the other characters on stage. Usually used to let the audience know what a character is thinking.
1. Characterization- the means through which an author reveals a character’s personality. Can be direct or indirect
a) *Direct characterization – the writer or narrator tells the reader what the character is like. Also called stated characterization EX: “She is shy.”
b) *Indirect characterization – the author shows the reader or audience member what the character is like through (1) how the character looks, (2) what the character does, (3) what the character says, (4) what the character thinks, and (5) how the character affects other characters. – Also called inferred characterization
2. Character Motivation- part of characterization is used to explain, or partially explain, a characters thoughts, moods, actions reactions, or dialogue; the character is often motivated by dedication, love, fear, guilt, etc.
3. Climax – see plot
4. Conflict- refers to the main struggle of opposing forces around which the plot revolves in the story
a) *External conflict- occurs when one faces someone else or some situation that is working against one's own desires or goals. EX: man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. society; man vs. fate/luck/God/destiny
b) *Internal conflict- occurs when one is confronted with the problem that presents difficult choices involving ones beliefs and values. EX: man vs. self
5. Conjunction - joins/connects words or groups of words
6. Comprehend - to understand the nature or meaning of
a) *Direct characterization – the writer or narrator tells the reader what the character is like. Also called stated characterization EX: “She is shy.”
b) *Indirect characterization – the author shows the reader or audience member what the character is like through (1) how the character looks, (2) what the character does, (3) what the character says, (4) what the character thinks, and (5) how the character affects other characters. – Also called inferred characterization
2. Character Motivation- part of characterization is used to explain, or partially explain, a characters thoughts, moods, actions reactions, or dialogue; the character is often motivated by dedication, love, fear, guilt, etc.
3. Climax – see plot
4. Conflict- refers to the main struggle of opposing forces around which the plot revolves in the story
a) *External conflict- occurs when one faces someone else or some situation that is working against one's own desires or goals. EX: man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. society; man vs. fate/luck/God/destiny
b) *Internal conflict- occurs when one is confronted with the problem that presents difficult choices involving ones beliefs and values. EX: man vs. self
5. Conjunction - joins/connects words or groups of words
6. Comprehend - to understand the nature or meaning of
1. Dialect - a particular kind of speech used by members of one specific group because of its geographical location or class.
2. Dialogue – the conversation between characters in a work of literature
3. Drawing conclusions- refers to information that is implied or inferred; this means that the information is never clearly stated. Hints or clues are provided as you read that will help "read between the lines" using these clues to give you a deeper understanding of your reading.
4. Dynamic Character – a character who undergoes a significant internal change over the course of a story. This may be a change in understanding, values, insight, etc.
1. Dialect - a particular kind of speech used by members of one specific group because of its geographical location or class.
2. Dialogue – the conversation between characters in a work of literature
3. Drawing conclusions- refers to information that is implied or inferred; this means that the information is never clearly stated. Hints or clues are provided as you read that will help "read between the lines" using these clues to give you a deeper understanding of your reading.
4. Dynamic Character – a character who undergoes a significant internal change over the course of a story. This may be a change in understanding, values, insight, etc.
1. Exposition – see plot
1. Falling Action – see plot
2. Figurative language – the literal meaning of a word is its definition. Figurative language uses words in some way other than for their literal meanings to make a comparison, add emphasis, or say something in a fresh and creative way. EX: alliteration, hyperbole, idiom, imagery, metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification, and simile.
3. Flashback – a scene in a story that occurred before the present time in the story. Flashbacks provide background information about events happening during the current narration. They may be presented as memories, dreams, or stories of the past told by characters.
4. Foreshadowing – clues or hints about something that is going to happen later in the story. Authors use foreshadowing to build suspense and to prepare the reader for what happens later.
2. Figurative language – the literal meaning of a word is its definition. Figurative language uses words in some way other than for their literal meanings to make a comparison, add emphasis, or say something in a fresh and creative way. EX: alliteration, hyperbole, idiom, imagery, metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification, and simile.
3. Flashback – a scene in a story that occurred before the present time in the story. Flashbacks provide background information about events happening during the current narration. They may be presented as memories, dreams, or stories of the past told by characters.
4. Foreshadowing – clues or hints about something that is going to happen later in the story. Authors use foreshadowing to build suspense and to prepare the reader for what happens later.
1. Generalization about Life - a statement that can apply to humanity at large; a seemingly universal truth. Ex: "All men are created equal"
1. Hyperbole – extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement that is not meant to be taken literally. Often used in humorous writing. EX: I almost died of boredom.
1. Idiom – an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its individual words. EX: “It’s raining cats and dogs.”
2. Imagery – language that portrays sensory experiences, or experiences of the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Authors use imagery to describe actions, character, objects, and ideas, and to heighten the emotional effect of their writing. One way authors create imagery is through the use of figurative language.
3. Irony – There are three types of irony.
*Dramatic irony – when the reader or audience member is aware of something that the characters are not aware of
*Situational irony – when something happens that is the reverse of what you expected
*Verbal irony – when the name or description of something implies the opposite of the truth. EX: calling a very tall person Tiny
4. interjection - (part of speech) words used to show emotion or surprise
2. Imagery – language that portrays sensory experiences, or experiences of the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Authors use imagery to describe actions, character, objects, and ideas, and to heighten the emotional effect of their writing. One way authors create imagery is through the use of figurative language.
3. Irony – There are three types of irony.
*Dramatic irony – when the reader or audience member is aware of something that the characters are not aware of
*Situational irony – when something happens that is the reverse of what you expected
*Verbal irony – when the name or description of something implies the opposite of the truth. EX: calling a very tall person Tiny
4. interjection - (part of speech) words used to show emotion or surprise
1. Juxtaposition – the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. The intent is to highlight the differences of the two things. Ex: two siblings in a story and one is good and the other is evil.
1. Major characters – a main or important character; a character who plays a large role in a story. Major character usually face some sort of obstacle, and they will be present throughout all, or almost all of the story. A story can have one major character or several.
2. Metaphor – the comparison of two unlike things illuminate a particular quality or aspect of one of those things. Metaphors state one thing is something else. EX: Karen was a ray of sunshine.
3. Minor character – a character who does not play a large role in a story. Minor characters usually do not face any obstacles during the course of the story, and they usually do not change during the course of the story. The reader does not usually learn much about minor characters. They are just there for the major characters to interact with and to help advance the plot.
4. Mood – The feeling a reader gets from a work of literature. Authors create mood through word choice, imagery, dialogue, setting, and plot. The mood can stay the same from the beginning to the end of the story, or it can change.
5. Motif - images that appear repeatedly
2. Metaphor – the comparison of two unlike things illuminate a particular quality or aspect of one of those things. Metaphors state one thing is something else. EX: Karen was a ray of sunshine.
3. Minor character – a character who does not play a large role in a story. Minor characters usually do not face any obstacles during the course of the story, and they usually do not change during the course of the story. The reader does not usually learn much about minor characters. They are just there for the major characters to interact with and to help advance the plot.
4. Mood – The feeling a reader gets from a work of literature. Authors create mood through word choice, imagery, dialogue, setting, and plot. The mood can stay the same from the beginning to the end of the story, or it can change.
5. Motif - images that appear repeatedly
1. narrator - the one who tells the story. The narrator must not be confused with "author," the one who writes the story.
2. noun - (red part of speech) names a person, place, thing, idea, feeling, or thought
2. noun - (red part of speech) names a person, place, thing, idea, feeling, or thought
1. Objective summary- a succinct, accurate description of the content of a source text for quick overview, for inclusion in new writing, or as a study aid
2. Onomatopoeia – The use of the words whose sounds imitate the sounds of what they describe, such as hiss, honk, and buzz.
2. Onomatopoeia – The use of the words whose sounds imitate the sounds of what they describe, such as hiss, honk, and buzz.
1. Personification – describing nonhuman animals, objects, or ideas as though they possess human qualities or emotions. EX: The moon smiled down on her.
2. Plot – the sequence of events in a story. The plot includes the opening events, the rising action, the climax, the falling action, and the resolution.
a) Exposition – the opening event – the main problem the character faces
b) Rising actions- The events that build up the plot in lead to the climax
c) Climax- The turning point, is the critical point in the story which changes the course of events; it is the point in the story where the main character faces a crisis and must make a crucial decision that will affect the outcome of the story. The conflict reaches its greatest intensity and is then resolved
d) Falling action- the events that unwind the plots and lead to resolving the conflict
e) Resolution- the event in the story that resolves the conflict
3. Poetic Justice - an outcome, either a reward or punishment, which can be either ironic, the opposite of what is expected, or perfectly suited to the character or situation.
4. Point of view- The position from which the story is told.
a) 1st person – the narrator is a character in the story who describes things from his or her own perspective and refers to himself or herself as I
b) 3rd person limited – where the narrator is not a character in the story but the narrator can describe the experiences and thoughts of only one of the characters in the story
c) 3rd person omniscient – the narrator is not one of the characters and is able to describe the experiences and thoughts of every character in the story.
5. Preposition - (orange part of speech) shows position or direction
6. Pronoun - (part of speech) replaces a noun - a substitute
7. Protagonist- The main character in a literary work with whom the reader is intended to sympathize
2. Plot – the sequence of events in a story. The plot includes the opening events, the rising action, the climax, the falling action, and the resolution.
a) Exposition – the opening event – the main problem the character faces
b) Rising actions- The events that build up the plot in lead to the climax
c) Climax- The turning point, is the critical point in the story which changes the course of events; it is the point in the story where the main character faces a crisis and must make a crucial decision that will affect the outcome of the story. The conflict reaches its greatest intensity and is then resolved
d) Falling action- the events that unwind the plots and lead to resolving the conflict
e) Resolution- the event in the story that resolves the conflict
3. Poetic Justice - an outcome, either a reward or punishment, which can be either ironic, the opposite of what is expected, or perfectly suited to the character or situation.
4. Point of view- The position from which the story is told.
a) 1st person – the narrator is a character in the story who describes things from his or her own perspective and refers to himself or herself as I
b) 3rd person limited – where the narrator is not a character in the story but the narrator can describe the experiences and thoughts of only one of the characters in the story
c) 3rd person omniscient – the narrator is not one of the characters and is able to describe the experiences and thoughts of every character in the story.
5. Preposition - (orange part of speech) shows position or direction
6. Pronoun - (part of speech) replaces a noun - a substitute
7. Protagonist- The main character in a literary work with whom the reader is intended to sympathize
1. Rising Action – see plot
2. Resolution – see plot
2. Resolution – see plot
1. Setting – the environment in which the story takes place, including the time period, the location, and the physical characteristics of the surrounding.
2. Simile – when two unlike things are compared using like or as in order to illuminate a particular quality or aspect of one of those things
3. Static character – a character who does not undergo a significant change over the course of a story.
4. Suspense - mental uncertainty, anxiety of being undecided, or of being doubtful. The anticipation of the outcome of a plot or of the solution to an uncertainty, puzzle, or mystery, particularly as it affects a character for whom one has sympathy. Ex: Will a beloved character live or die?
4. Symbol – an object, setting, event, animal, or person that on one level is itself, but that has another meaning as well.
5. Symbolism – the practice of using symbols
2. Simile – when two unlike things are compared using like or as in order to illuminate a particular quality or aspect of one of those things
3. Static character – a character who does not undergo a significant change over the course of a story.
4. Suspense - mental uncertainty, anxiety of being undecided, or of being doubtful. The anticipation of the outcome of a plot or of the solution to an uncertainty, puzzle, or mystery, particularly as it affects a character for whom one has sympathy. Ex: Will a beloved character live or die?
4. Symbol – an object, setting, event, animal, or person that on one level is itself, but that has another meaning as well.
5. Symbolism – the practice of using symbols
1. Theme – A story’s main message or moral
2. Tone- the attitude the author uses when writing toward his subject or toward the reader. Tone is conveyed through the author’s word choice and the details that he or she includes.
3. Topic- The broad, general theme or message
2. Tone- the attitude the author uses when writing toward his subject or toward the reader. Tone is conveyed through the author’s word choice and the details that he or she includes.
3. Topic- The broad, general theme or message
1. Verb - ("green" part of speech) - a word that shows action, an occurrence, state of being, or links